Educational psychology Essay

â€Å"I want my child’s education to be holistic! † â€Å"I don’t like cramming and the loads of homework. † â€Å"I want my child to grow in a stress-free environment. † â€Å"The curriculum must stimulate reasoning and analytical skills. † At the beginning of every academic year this is what you hear from your parents. Newspaper and magazines highlight the stress and strain students undergo during examinations. Good as it may seem, this generate a false hope parents have woken up to view education from a different dimensions. It makes educator believe that they do not want to support a system that evaluates a child’s potential through marks and grades. The success of every child initially depends on parents only. But unfortunately parents suddenly realize the importance of exams, results, percentage and college admissions and begin to rethink and re-valuate their personal convictions. Then they say :†I must prepare my child to enter this competitive world†. â€Å"I must help my child to succeed in life†. What is this success they talk about? Is it a fulfillment of the child’s dream ? Have they channelled the child’s talents to achieve? Instead they run from pillar to post collecting question papers and application forms for all the competitive exams. There is no time to consider what the child wants and need. Children are not perceived as individual. Schools become factories churning out prize commodities. As long as parents fail to consider their children as growing individual with aspirations and talents, institutions will continue to capitalize on mass production. No doubt education is a necessity, but what do you want your child to be? Surely, not automatons and generators of wealth. The goal is to develop them into thinking individuals. Only then will we see change. It is the duty of educationists and the governing bodies to give a new meaning, a new direction and strike a new path towards a meaningful education. This is the foundation for a generation of sensitive and cultured human beings. I think this speech will bring a change in parents mind about child’s problems about their life. Thank you 2: A Parent’s Role in Education Home Education Parents have a vital role in their child’s education. By taking a few simple steps at home, you can help them enjoy school more, improve their studying and homework skills and prepare for college. The articles in this category, A Parent’s Role in Education, are full of tips on to help them with their schoolwork, such as creating a positive learning environment to making learning fun. There are also articles on warning signs to help you identify potential learning or school problems. A Parent’s Role in Education Nothing helps a child succeed like an involved parent. A little willingness from a child’s parents can work wonders in the classroom. Read on to learn more about your role as a parent in the education of your child. Creating a Positive Home Learning Environment Your child needs a special place to call their own. Setting aside a room or nook in your home dedicated to your child’s education will show him or her that you’re serious about their education. Read on to learn more about creating a positive†¦ Evaluating Educational Resources on the Web There are many options available when looking for additional educational help online for your child. An awareness of the costs, services, advantages and disadvantages is crucial. Read on to learn how you can best evaluate educational resources†¦ Improving Your Child’s Grades Parents play an important role in a child’s education. This article examines some very simple things you can do every day provide your child with the support and encouragement they need to take on the challenge of improving their grades. Improving your Child’s Study Habits Learning skills need to be fostered at home. This article provides tips for parents who want to create a home environment that will help their children develop and maintain positive study habits. Preparing a Child for High School The transition from middle school to high school can be challenging and bewildering for some students. Parents can help make this period of great change easier on their children and themselves. Read on to learn more about preparing a child for†¦ Preparing a Child for Junior High School The transition from elementary to middle school or junior high is a difficult one, filled with new social and academic challenges. Here are some tips to help your child prepare for this big change. Reasons Your Child May Be Struggling in School Is your child struggling in school? This article details several of the common reasons why a child might fall behind in their studies — and what parents can do to help. Recognizing Student Struggles 1 of 7: The Importance of Identifying Warning Signs The first in a 7 part series, this feature stresses the importance of recognizing your child’s classroom difficulties and resolving them quickly. Read on to learn more about the importance of identify warning signs and recognizing student†¦ Recognizing Student Struggles 2 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–Confidence Levels This article is the second in a seven part series aimed to help parents recognize the warning signs given off by struggling students. Read on to learn more about how you can remain aware of your child’s confidence level, and how you can help†¦ Recognizing Student Struggles 3 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–Grades As part of the Recognizing Student Struggles series, this feature explains what a sudden decline in grades might say about a student’s curricular experience. It also offers suggestions for the most appropriate methods of correction should your†¦ Recognizing Student Struggles 4 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–Attitude As part of the Recognizing Student Struggles series, this article explores the attitude changes to look for in struggling students and offers suggestions for improving a child’s educational experience. Recognizing Student Struggles 5 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–Homework Is your child struggling with their homework. A new approach and an involved parent can work wonders for a child’s success in the classroom. This is the fifth article in the Recognizing Student Struggles series. Recognizing Student Struggles 6 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–Class Standing This feature in the Recognizing Student Struggles series discusses the importance listening to your child’s teacher and making use of their feedback. It also highlights what can be done if you’re told that your child has fallen behind in his or†¦ Recognizing Student Struggles 7 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–(Lack of ) Determination This article (the last in the Recognizing Student Struggles series) explains several ways to assess a student’s progress and level of determination based on their responses to failure. The 28 educational standards of the state of New York The state of New York has 28 standards that guide elementary and middle school education. This article outlines those standards in detail. The Educational Advantages of Using Computers and the Internet Computer programs and the Internet create educational opportunities not available to previous generations. Read on to learn how modern technologies can become valuable educational tools. Transform Your Child’s Poor Report Card Have your child’s grades taken a turn for the worse? Did they just bring home their first poor report card? Don’t worry. Read on to learn more about how you can help your child transform his or her poor report card.

Demand Curve and Supply Curve Essay

Demand and supply have been generalized to explain macroeconomic variables in a market economy. The Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply model is the most direct application of supply and demand to macroeconomics. Compared to microeconomic uses of demand and supply, different theoretical considerations apply to such macroeconomic counterparts as aggregate demand and aggregate supply. The AD-AS or Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply model is a macroeconomic model that explains price level and output through the relationship of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. It is based on the theory of John Maynard Keynes presented in his work â€Å"The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money†. It is one of the primary simplified representations in the modern field of macroeconomics and is used by a broad array of economists, from libertarian, monetarist supporters of laissez-faire, such as Milton Friedman to Post-Keynesian supporters of economic interventionism, such as Joan Robinson. Brief history of demand curve and supply curve According to Hamid S.  Hosseini, the power of supply and demand was understood to some extent by several early Muslim economists, such as Ibn Taymiyyah who illustrates- â€Å"If desire for goods increases while its availability decreases, its price rises. On the other hand, if availability of the good increases and the desire for it decreases, the price comes down†. In 1691, John Locke worked on some considerations of the consequences of the lowering of interest and the raising of the value of money. It includes an early and clear description of supply and demand and their relationship. In this description demand is rent: â€Å"The price of any commodity rises or falls by the proportion of the number of buyer and sellers† and â€Å"that which regulates the price of goods is nothing else but their quantity in proportion to their rent. † The phrase â€Å"supply and demand† was first used by James Denham-Steuart in his Inquiry into the â€Å"Principles of Political Oeconomy† which was published in 1767. Adam Smith used the phrase in his book â€Å"The Wealth of Nations† (1776) and David Ricardo titled one chapter of his work â€Å"Principles of Political Economy and Taxation† (1817) On the Influence of Demand and Supply on Price. In The Wealth of Nations, Smith generally assumed that the supply price was fixed but that its value would decrease as its â€Å"scarcity† increased, in effect what was later called the law of demand also. Ricardo, in Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, more rigorously laid down the idea of the assumptions that were used to build his ideas of supply and demand. Antoine Augustin Cournot first developed a mathematical model of supply and demand in his 1838 Researches into the Mathematical Principles of Wealth including diagrams. In1870, Fleeming Jenkin in the course of â€Å"Introducing the diagrammatic method into the English economic literature† published the first drawing of supply and demand curves including comparative statics from a shift of supply or demand and application to the labor market. The model was further developed and popularized by Alfred Marshall in the textbook â€Å"Principles of Economics† (1890). The Standard demand curve and the aggregate demand curve The standard demand curve represents the quantity of a good that a consumer will buy at a given price, holding all else constant. For example, consumer A might buy zero oranges at $1 each, one orange at 75 cents each, and two at 50 cents each, while consumer B might buy one at $1, two at 75 cents, and three at 50 cents. When charted on a grid with price on the vertical axis and quantity purchased on the horizontal axis, these points form the individual demand curves for consumers A and B. The aggregate demand curve represents the total quantity of all goods (and services) demanded by the economy at different price levels. An example of an aggregate demand curve is given in Figure 1. The vertical axis represents the price level of all final goods and services. The aggregate price level is measured by either the GDP deflator or the CPI. The horizontal axis represents the real quantity of all goods and services purchased as measured by the level of real GDP. Notice that the aggregate demand curve, AD, like the demand curves for individual goods, is downward sloping, implying that there is an inverse relationship between the price level and the quantity demanded of real GDP. The standard supply curve and the aggregate supply curve The standard supply curve is a graph showing the relationships between the price of a good and the quantity supplied. The supply curve slopes upward because other things equal, a higher price means a greater quantity supplied. The aggregate supply curve shows the relationship between the price level and the quantity of goods and services supplied in an economy. The equation for the upward sloping aggregate supply curve, in the short run, is Y = Ynatural + a (P – Pexpected). In this equation, Y is output, Ynatural is the natural rate of output that exists when all productive factors are used at their normal rates, â€Å"a† is a constant greater than zero, P is the price level, and Pexpected is the expected price level. This equation holds only in the short run because in the long run the aggregate supply curve is a vertical line, as output is dictated by the factors of production alone. An aggregate supply curve is shown in Figure 2. The aggregate supply curve equation means that output deviates from the natural rate of output when the price level deviates from the expected price level. The constant, a, shows how much output changes due to unexpected deviation in the price level. The slope of the aggregate supply curve is (1/a) which depicts the short-run aggregate supply curve and the long- run aggregate supply curve. The vertical axis is the price level. The horizontal axis is output or income. The short-run aggregate supply curve is downward sloping with slope equal to (1/a) while the long-run aggregate supply curve is vertical with no slope. The reason that the short-term aggregate supply curve is upward sloping is a bit more complex. Factors that determine the slope of AD-AS curve model The slope of AD curve reflects the extent to which the real balances change the equilibrium level of spending, taking both assets and goods markets into consideration. An increase in real balances will lead to a larger increase in equilibrium income and spending, the smaller the interest responsiveness of money demand and the higher the interest responsiveness of investment demand. An increase in real balances leads to a larger level of income and spending, the larger the value of multiplier and the smaller the income response of money demand. This implies that the AD curve is flatter, smaller is the interest responsiveness of the demand for money and larger is the interest responsiveness of investment demand. Also, the AD curve is flatter; the larger is the multiplier and the smaller the income responsiveness of the demand for money. We know that aggregate demand is comprised of C(Y – T) + I(r) + G + NX(e) = Y. Thus, a decrease in any one of these terms will lead to a shift in the aggregate demand curve to the left. The first term that will lead to a shift in the aggregate demand curve is C(Y – T). This term states that consumption is a function of disposable income. If disposable income decreases, consumption will also decrease. There are many ways that consumption can decrease. An increase in taxes would have this effect. Similarly, a decrease in income–holding taxes stable–would also have this effect. Finally, a decrease in the marginal propensity to consume or an increase in the savings rate would also decrease consumption. The second term that will lead to a shift in the aggregate demand curve is I(r). This term states that investment is a function of the interest rate. If the interest rate increases, investment falls as the cost of investment rises. There are a number of ways that investment can fall. If the interest rate rises, say due to contractionary monetary or fiscal policy, investment will fall. Similarly, in the short run, expansionary fiscal policy will also cause investment to fall as crowding out occurs. Another interesting cause of a fall in investment is an exogenous decrease in investment spending. This occurs when firms simply decide to invest less without regard for the interest rate. The term variable that will lead to a shift in the aggregate demand curve is G. This term captures the whole of government spending. The only way that government spending is changed is through fiscal policy. Recall that the budgetary debate is an ongoing political battlefield. Thus, government spending tends to change regularly. When government spending decreases, regardless of tax policy, aggregate demand decrease, thus shifting to the left. The fourth term that will lead to a shift in the aggregate demand curve is NX(e). This term means that net exports, defined as exports less imports, is a function of the real exchange rate. As the real exchange rate rises, the dollar becomes stronger, causing imports to rise and exports to fall. Thus, policies that raise the real exchange rate though the interest rate will cause net exports to fall and the aggregate demand curve to shift left. Again, an exogenous decrease in the demand for exported goods or an exogenous increase in the demand for imported goods will also cause the aggregate demand curve to shift left as net exports fall. An example of this type of exogenous shift would be a change in tastes or preferences. The aggregate demand curve also can shift right as the economy expands. When the aggregate demand curve shifts right, the quantity of output demanded for a given price level rises. Therefore, a shift of the aggregate demand curve to the right represents an economic expansion. A shift of the aggregate demand curve to the right is simply affected by the opposite conditions that cause it to shift to the left. A change in one or more of the following determinants of aggregate supply will shift the aggregate supply curve in the short run. – Change in the input prices (domestic or imported resources price), change in productivity, change in legal institutional environment (business taxes and government regulation). An increase in short-run aggregate supply will shift the curve rightward; a decrease will shift the curve leftward. The long run aggregate supply curve is vertical. Similarities between the Ad-AS curve model and the standard demand-supply curve model The conventional â€Å"aggregate supply and demand† model is actually a Keynesian visualization that has come to be a widely accepted image of the theory. The Classical supply and demand model, which is largely based on Say’s Law, or that supply creates its own demand depicts the aggregate supply curve as being vertical at all times. The both demand curve and the aggregate demand curve is negatively sloped from left to right and both curves represent the law of demand. The short-run aggregate supply curve or SRAS curve has similarities the standard supply curve. Both are positively sloped. Both curves relate price and quantity. Differences between the Ad-AS curve model and the standard demand-supply curve model In aggregate demand curve, there is no substitute effect because we cannot substitute all goods. But in standard demand curve it exists. The aggregate demand curve has no income effect because a lower price level actually means less nominal income for the resource suppliers’ e. g. lower wages, rents, interests, and profits. But in standard demand curve it exists. The major differences between the standard supply curve and the aggregate supply curve are as follows- for the market supply curve, the vertical axis measures supply price and the horizontal axis measures quantity supplied. For the short-run aggregate supply curve, however, the vertical axis measures the price level (GDP price deflator) and the horizontal axis measures real production (real GDP). The positive slope of the market curve reflects the law of supply and is attributable to the law of diminishing marginal returns. In contrast, the positive slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve is attributable to: (1) inflexible resource prices that often makes it easier to reduce aggregate real production and resource employment when the price level falls, (2) the pool of natural unemployment, consisting of frictional and structural unemployment, that can be used temporarily to increase aggregate real production when the price level rises and (3) imbalances in the purchasing power of resource prices that can temporarily entice resource owners to produce more or less aggregate real production than they would at full employment. Conclusion Whereas the standard supply and demand curve model discusses on individuals, the aggregate supply and demand curve model works with the whole economy. This model is built on the assumption that prices are sticky in the short run and flexible in the long run. This model also highlights the role of monetary policy. This model shows how shocks to the economy cause output to deviate temporarily from the level implied by the standard model. By this model, we can observe the economy more efficiently than before.

Human Rights for Individuals with Mental Health Disabilities Essay

This article discussed key human rights points that are not essentially practiced throughout the world. Lawrence Gostin states that liberty, dignity, equality, and entitlement are those points which the World Health Organization are working on further for others to accept as human rights norms for individuals with mental health disabilities. The review will provide examples of the violation of human rights some persons with mental disabilities are exposed to. The group WHO put in place legal precedent and public pressure; created by this body of international law they have encouraged domestic governments to apply human rights principles to their policies affecting mentally disabled individuals at the national and sub-national level. Human Rights for Individuals with Mental Health Disabilities The overlooked and unspoken of disability of mental illness has been brought to the forefront with this article Lawrence Gostin has written. International Human Rights Law and Mental Disability provided great detail of how these individuals are seen, portrayed, and handled out in society. In our society mental illness is seen as instability and people continually turn their noses up in disgust when dealing with persons with such diagnosis. Many human rights are taken away from these people and can lead to some negative experiences. â€Å"The mentally disabled have ended up in prison, in equally deplorable adult homes, or on the streets, homeless and destitute,† says Gostin explaining the disregard for this demographic. As he describes this neglect I relate it to the same mistreatment to the individuals that called Willowbrook State School in Staten Island, New York, home from the 1930’s until 1987. This facili ty’s was planned out for mentally disabled children, after ping-ponging ideas of its patient focused goal from U.S Army hospital to Veteran services, Willowbrook held to its original plan. While beginning seemingly well this insane asylum took a turn for the worst and began experiencing hepatitis outbreaks, extreme overcrowding, unsanitary living conditions, and malnutrition. In 1987 after much controversy the hospital closed down. This facility was a clear example of the violation of human rights and how the mentally disabled are treated not only in society but also the neglect seen in some health care organizations. The World Health Organization, European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), and Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) are working together to change that negative connotation. These groups wish to provide all disabled people their â€Å"four interrelated human rights: liberty, dignity, equality, and entitlement.† With these values individuals can ultimately work there in a normal environment instead of being pushed into dark insane asylums. The major initiative now is to engage society as a whole in strive for public mental health. The movement of public mental health reaches to involve population based services, screenings for mental illness, and education on the topic of mental health. History shows society, government included has not treated the mentally disabled population very well, and these measures are a step closer to erasing those d iscrimination and prejudice lines. Reference Gostin, Lawrence O. (March-April 2004). The Hastings Center Report: International Human Rights Law and Mental Disability, 34.2, 11-12. Fisher, Danny (Producer), & Fisher, Jack (Director). (14 February 1997) Unforgotten: Twenty-Five Years After Willowbrook [Motion Picture]. United States of America: Willowbrook State School, Staten Island, New York City, New York.

GEOGRAPHY - PAPER ABOUT SOUTH AFRICA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GEOGRAPHY - PAPER ABOUT SOUTH AFRICA - Essay Example Population distribution is following: 0-14 years: 38% (female 8,842,764; male 9,091,722), 15-64 years: 56% (female 12,825,617; male 12,508,039), more than 65 years: 6 % (female 1,047, 285; male 780, 032). Total population growth rate is 2,02%. Birth rate is 31, 34/1000 population and death rate is about 7,02/1000 population. Infant mortality rate is 36,2 deaths/1000 live births, and it decreases annually for about 2 per cent. Life expectancy is following: for total population – 67,42 years, for males – 64,68 years; for females -69,54 years, and it tends to increase from year to yer. Total fertility rate is about 3,4 children born/woman. Ethnic divisions are following: black – 75,2%, white -13,6%, colored- 8,6%, Indians – 2,6 %. The most widespread religions are: Christianity (the majority of colored and whites and approximately 60% of blacks), Islam – 2 %, Hinduism – about 60% of Indians. There are 11 official languages in South Africa, which include English, Ndebele, Pedi, Afrikaans, Swazi, Tsonga, Xhosa, Zulu and others, as the Figure 1 shows. Literacy rates are following: total population – 86 per cent, males – 90 %, females – 83%. There are about 16 million economically active people, occupied in following areas: agriculture -30%, services -35%, industry -28%, mining-14%, other -4%. One of the acutest demographic problems is spreading of HIV/AIDS (Figure 2), and about 22% of adults are HIV/positive. Thus, the many medical anti-AIDS campaigns, which propagate safe and healthy life, have already been realized. 2) The most widespread resources of South Africa are following: renewable natural resources: water, agricultural resources (such as soil), air, forests (about 3% of the whole area). Non-renewable resources: chromium, coal, gold, antimony, nickel, tin, diamonds, natural gas, nickel, platinum, copper, vanadium, phosphates, uranium. Political resources are

Why does J. A. Fodor think that there must be a language of thought Is Essay

Why does J. A. Fodor think that there must be a language of thought Is he right - Essay Example Specifically, Fodor advanced a notion of a language of thought. Fodor’s Language of Thought Hypothesis (LOTH) states that the thought process occurring in the mind is a symbolic system that parallels a language in structure. Jerry Fodor’s presented LOTH in his aptly titled book The Language of Thought (Fodor 1975). Through an examination the major platforms of the LOTH hypothesis, as well as prominent criticisms, this essay examines the extent that Fodor is successful in articulating the existence of a language of thought. Language of Thought Philosophers have formulated LOTH by considering the multiplicity of thoughts, or propositional attitudes. One can identify propositional attitudes in sentences like ‘A wishes that B’, or ‘A thinks that B’, or ‘A intends that B’. A is the subject of attitude, B is the sentence, and ‘that B’ is the proposition or the object of the attitude. If we say that C stands for verbs like â €˜wishes’, ‘thinks’, and ‘intends’, then the propositional attitude sentences would take the form: ‘A Cs that B’. Therefore, LOTH can be considered as a hypothesis that features how we create propositional attitudes in our ‘mental language’, and how we relate our thought and thinking with them. Our conceptual thinking takes place in a mental representation of language-like structure; however, this is not direct representation of spoken language. Rather, this ‘language of thought’ is a form of representation where the human mind perceives concepts and symbolizes them rather than using words for those concepts. Hence, the mind uses internal forms of representation, different from traditional linguistic ‘words’, to represent these concepts. Still, these symbols combine to form mental sentences, called the propositional attitudes, which are consistent with the grammatical rules of language. This conc eptual thinking has a computational nature that extracts thinking from processing the series of mental symbols according to algorithms. Representational Theory Jerry Fodor specifically implements representational theory in supporting his position (Fodor 1987). According to representational theory, thinking occurs in the form of symbols that are actually the propositional attitudes described earlier (Fodor 1987). While Fodor argues that propositional attitudes should be represented not only as symbols but also as a language, he believes this ‘language of thought’ is different from spoken and written languages like English, French or German (Fodor 1987). Consider the following: ‘I don’t want to eat ladyfingers, so I’d better tell mom to make me French fries.’ According to representational theory, there is a state of a section of this individual’s brain that represents his or her unwillingness to eat ladyfingers (Fodor 1987). There is anot her section of this individual’s brain that represents his or her way of avoiding ladyfingers; namely, to tell their mom to cook something else (Fodor 1987). Thirdly, there is a small piece of brain circuitry that is linking these two states and instigating an action (Fodor 1987). LOTH asserts that the representation of the decision in this example here has to be structured. That is, it has to be structured just like a sentence articulating that decision. Fodor’s LOTH further states that the structure of symbolic representation in the mind and the linguistic representation of that symbolic representation must be related. That is, the structure of the brain state matching the decision of eating French fries will be equivalent to the structure of the sentence articulating the decision. One considers another example: ‘There is a suspicion crossing my mind that a rat is under my bed’

Develop a learning resource on health and well being Essay

Develop a learning resource on health and well being - Essay Example ayed an important role since its initiation and continues to foster a favourable learning environment for all children irrespective of their backgrounds. According to the program, schools are encouraged to develop and apply solid approaches based on the four key pillars to healthy growth which include: Personal Development - the programme ensures that the child obtains some of the basic and relevant life skills such as communication and social interaction. Also, the child is exposed to a whole new world of decision-making where he/she gets to choose what he/she wants consequently improving on their reasoning capabilities and confidence. The child also gets to develop his/her physical and mental health through indoor as well as outdoor activities. Community Development - children who are involved in the programme improve the general living conditions of the communities they live in and also, they spell less communal problems such as teenage pregnancies and drug abuse which are associated with growing children. Academic Performance - apart from improving the child’s academic and non-academic performance, the programme also is aimed at improving the school’s rapport with other schools and the community at large (Department for Education and Skills 2012). Department for Education and Skills, National Healthy Schools Programme: A Guide for Parents and Carers, Government of United Kingdom, Retrieved from: . [3rd March

Events Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Events Project management - Essay Example Leisure events are sports and recreational in nature; personal events cover birthdays, weddings and anniversaries; cultural events are heritage, art and culture and folklore whereas commercial, political, charitable and sales events come under organizational events (Shone and Parry 4). Following discusses the nature of each of these events in detail. Cultural Events Cultural events are usually organized to celebrate the history and heritage of a place. Although cultural events are mostly commercial, they may also have religious aspects. Cultural events have great economic benefits; however the main aim of cultural events remains the confirmation or celebration of culture. Carnivals, concerts and parades are some forms of cultural events. Cultural events create economic opportunities and recognition for a town or a city. They attract tourists and thus boost tourism in a place. Leisure Events Sports events and recreational events come under the category of leisure events. ... ational events can be anything from corporate events, the anniversary celebrations of organizations, fundraisers, award functions, ground breaking ceremonies, business and commercial events to large government and political events. These events can be product launch ceremonies, conferences, exhibitions, award or other staff motivation ceremonies. In political and government events media plays a major role. These events are costly and are handled by professional event management teams. Personal and Private Events The personal and private events are special occasions one likes to celebrate with his/her families and friends. People like to celebrate their achievements and age related events such as birthdays, graduation, homecomings, anniversaries etc. with their close friends and family members. Among the personal events, weddings are hugely popular. In fact with the introduction of professional event management, wedding planning has turned into a multibillion dollar industry (Allen xv ). As weddings are supposed to be the biggest day in a person’s life, wedding planning is done meticulously so that everything goes perfect on the big day. Some couples may have a theme in mind and some may not have a clear vision and require assistance from event managers. This paper presents the event project management plan for a wedding ceremony. It starts with the introduction of the event describing its aims and objectives and stakeholder analysis. Then the paper discusses the skills required to plan and organize an event and role of project management in event planning in the light of literature. Then a complete event management plan for a wedding will be presented. Wedding Planning - Aims and Objectives and Stakeholder Analysis Events vary a great deal depending upon the number of

Continuum of project Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Continuum of project - Article Example In addition to helping stroke survivors improve or regain skills and functions, these healthcare professionals can assist with adaptation and assistive devices. Modified constraint-induced therapy (mCIT) is an intensive motor practice. The therapy involves restricting the use of a less affected part of the body, which forces the patient to use the weakened part of the body. Regular practice can improve nerve function in the central nervous system. The therapy is applied with varying intensity and duration over time depending on the individual’s motor functioning. Electrical stimulation is used in treating hemiparesis to enhance sensory awareness, strengthen a weakened body part (such as the arm, leg, hand or foot) and improve range of motion. This procedure consists of placing small electrical pads on the weakened muscles of the affected body part. An electrical charge helps the muscles contract as the patient works to make it move. Cortical stimulation is a type of electrical stimulation, but instead of directly on the arm or hand, the electrodes stimulate the part of the brain called the cortex. The tiny electrode is placed on the dura, the tough membrane that covers the brain. The electrode sends an electrical current to the brain while the stroke survivor undergoes rehabilitation exercises. This treatment is a safe way to regain mobility. Motor imagery involves imagining the movement of the affected part of the body. This mental practice activates areas of the brain and muscles as if the patient is actually doing an activity. The network of nerves in the brain involved in visualization and physical movement overlap, making this an effective activity when paired with other therapies. Koziol, J.A., Feng, A.C. (2006). "On the analysis and interpretation of outcome measures in stroke clinical trials: lessons from the SAINT I study of NXY-059 for acute

Hip-hop lyrics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hip-hop lyrics - Research Paper Example The degree of influence varies from one child to another. Experts are not unanimous in their conclusions. The influence of rap music, which is synonymous with hip-hop music, is intense on the minds of children and it can have mostly negative or some positive effects. The worrying factor is, hip-hop has become part of the popular culture. It has made rapid strides since it originated 1970s. â€Å"It is a known fact that hip-hop has taken over, in a sense, the mainstream youth culture,† said Emmett Price, a professor at Northeastern University in Boston, who teaches hip-hop culture. â€Å"So, the young kids from the age of being able to speak to going on to high school are influenced by hip-hop culture whether they listen to music or not.† (Killion†¦) Researchers are busy analyzing and trying to prove that a correlation exists between rap music and increased criminal behavior, sexual activity and drug use. Tricia Rose opines, â€Å"A key aspect of much of the criticism that has been leveled at hip-hop is the claim that it glorifies, encourages, and thus causes violence. This argument goes as far back as the middle to 1980s—the so-called golden age of hip-hop—when politically radical hip hop artists, such as Public Enemy, who referred to direct and sometimes armed resistance against racism ‘by any means necessary,’ were considered as advocates of violence.†(p.34) Young kids have a tendency to believe what they see over and over again, as truth. The wise saying goes—a lie repeated from a platform a thousand times, becomes the truth.’ In the present times of internet revolution, it is necessary that the young kids should know many things, but is highly desirable that they should not know some things. Their minds quickly receive information that may prove intensely harmful in the long run. Kids interpret what they see from the level of their understanding and without the proper contextualization. The issue is, children take what

Analyze how moses is related to the herioc model Essay

Analyze how moses is related to the herioc model - Essay Example   Moses’ leadership was known as directed by God; He who is God was the One responsible for all the directions and instructions that Moses was giving to his people, the Israelites. Moses goal is to free the Israelites from slavery under the Egyptians and deliver them to the promise land, Canaan, a land where milk and honey were overflowing. But their journey towards the promise had never been that easy, it was a journey accompanied by temptations and bloodshed to which they were strengthened by faith. Their entrance would be accompanied by the power and presence of God Himself, for He alone would be their strength and victory. That God would be with them Israel in their taking of the land was as much a trustworthy promise as the land itself; indeed, perhaps more so. However, as we know, Israel did not really receive the inheritance promised, at least not fully. Forgetting the command of the Lord, they prostituted themselves with other gods and committed idolatry. Eventually, the people of Israel were taken into exile. The Promised Land given to them by God was taken away. The promise remained unfulfilled.As we saw by Moses' response to the oppression of his fellow Jew, he certainly did possess leadership qualities. The model of leadership in the Jewish tradition is not the individual who is willing to subjugate others, rather the individual who is willing to sacrifice for others. Moses was the most modest of men, became the finest leader and teacher that our people have had.

Mill vs. Raz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mill vs. Raz - Essay Example Guided by 'one very simple principle' he outlines an argument for a system, which he believed, provided the best possible environment for individual and social progress (Mill, 1991, p.30). Mill advocates for human's shortcoming and their incompleteness of knowledge, which means that the "truth" is not always the truth. Based on Mill's assertions, any one group who attempts to coerce another group or individual is breaching individual liberty, which leads to the stagnation of the intellectual community. The key to progress lies in the condition of seeking the best span of human experience and development. The individual in the Millian liberal society is engaged in 'experiments in living'; attempts to find "new, deeper or merely different sources of happiness in life", uncoerced by the state or fellow individuals. (Ryan, 1991, p.166) The most important aspect of well-being is to note that the individual has complete authority in matters regarding themselves, society does not have the r ight to restrict the individual, as long as the actions of the individual is not causing harm to themselves or others. Liberty is, therefore, an integral component of well-being; liberty provides the best possible conditions to achieve the "permanent interests of man as a progressive being." (Mill, 1991, p.31) In Joseph's Raz's The Morality of Freedom, his theory does not rest on a human being's fallacies but instead he argues that the individual's w... Raz creates an idea of the individual's well-being results from not just one being but that individual's situation within a culture, history, and society. He makes the simple argument that if a government can make a universal decision to prevent murder, then the state can act in defense of moral reason. Raz states that 'governments should promote the moral quality of the life of those whose lives and actions they can affect.' (1988, p.415) He advocates that the individuals will adapt to society's preferences and then will be able to have a good life, striving for well-being. Raz declares that the importance of a liberal society does not rely on the individual choice, as it does for Mill, but instead the individual should be able to choose between various alternatives that have been determined and supported by the society where the individual resides. A person's well-being should not be dependant on how the individual lives their life and how they determine their actions to be of vale but rather their well-being rests on how living a life is valuable independent of how it helps the individual. As he explains, an "autonomous life is valuable only if it is spent in the pursuit of acceptable and valuable projects and relationships." (1988, p.417) To best illustrate Mill and Raz's ideals for an individual's well-being take for example an person's addiction to alcohol. Through Mill's theory, the demand and priority for an individual's liberty in this self-regarding conduct and the belief in human experimentation does not accrue any benefits for the individual. It is highly unlikely that the majority of individuals will benefit from a life influenced by drugs. Raz on the other hand argues that the life of a drug addict is clearly inferior in terms

Childhood Obesity Essay Example for Free

Childhood Obesity Essay Childhood obesity has increased over the years due to genetics, environment, and cultural. There may be a combination of these factors that contribute to the widespread epidemic that is affecting our country today. Most people never take the time to figure out the problem and come up with a solution. Obesity is caused by lack of physical activity, poor eating habits, and genetics. In order to escape the recurring disease; some changes need to be made. Obesity is when a child is well above the normal weight for his or her age and weight. The problem is that children are becoming more obese. Understanding the causes of childhood obesity would be most beneficial in addressing the problem. While playing video games and watching television children have a tendency to want to snack. There is nothing wrong with it, but they need to go outside and play afterwards. They aren’t burning off any calories. Moderate intense regular physical activity is essential for the prevention of overweight and obesity (Raj 2010). Children should engage in some type of physical activity daily. Kids are more apt to do activities if they think of it as fun. Children should be prescribed physical activity that is safe, developmentally appropriate, interesting, and practical and has a social element (Raj 2010). Genetic makeup plays a role in obesity. There is considerable evidence to suggest that, like height, weight is a heritable trait (Sadaf Farooqi 2007). Having obese family members can very well have a lot to do with obesity in children. A recent article reported an odds ratio of 4 for the development of childhood obesity when there is a family history of obesity (Signorino Winter 2008). White adipose tissue (WAT) is the principal target tissue in obesity (Mitchell 2009). The environment in which one lives in can have something to do with becoming obese. Environmental risk factors for overweight and obesity are very strong and inter-related (Raj Kumar 2010). The food choices children intake should be monitored. The amount of a food should be monitored as well. Children have tendency to want to eat foods that are high in fat. Children and adolescents of poor socio-economic status tend to consume less quantities of fruits and vegetables and to have a higher intake of total and saturated fat (Raj Kumar 2010). There are risk and complications that come along with being obese. Being obese you run the risk of have cardiovascular problems, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes. Obesity significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (Raj Kumar 2010). Not only are there risks, but obesity affects a child’s self-esteem. Obese children are a target for being bullied and picked on. They tend to feel worthless about themselves. Their perception of themselves becomes damaged. It can sometimes affect their grades. Obesity can be managed and controlled with the right treatment and diet. For successful obesity management, the child should be assessed and treated by a multidisciplinary team, including a physician, dietitian, exercise expert, nurse and behavior therapist (Nowicka 2005). With that said, with the right treatment a child who is obese can get help. The ultimate goal is to bring the weight down to where it should be. Eating the right amount as well as the right foods helps with dropping weight. Eating out is a quick fix and should be cut down to a minimum. There should be a plan for healthier snacks, balanced diet, and adequate intake of more fruits and vegetables to avoid high calorie/high fat foods. Obesity in children often leads to obese teenagers who then become obese adults. Health as well as self esteem is often compromise when dealing with the lives of obese children and adults. Identifying and managing obesity in childhood is pertinent in slowing this epidemic down before it is too late to do anything about it. Reference Farooqi, S. (2007). Insights from the Genetics of Severe Childhood Obesity. Hormone Research, 68(S5), 5-7. doi:10. 1159/000110462 Mitchell, G. A. (2009). Genetics, physiology and perinatal influences in childhood obesity: view from the Chair. International Journal of Obesity, 33S41-S47. doi:10. 1038/ijo. 2009. 16 Nowicka, P. (2005). Dietitians and exercise professionals in a childhood obesity treatment team. Acta Paediatrica. Supplement, 94(s448), 23-29. doi:10. 1080/08035320510035537 Raj, M. , Kumar, R. (2010). Obesity in children adolescents. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 132(5), 598-607. Signorino, M. R. , Winter, W. E. (2008). Childhood Obesity and Diabetes. Current Medical Literature: Diabetes, 25(1), 1-16

BioMedical Waste Management in an Indian Hospital

BioMedical Waste Management in an Indian Hospital Introduction: The waste produced in the course of healthcare activities carries a higher potential for infection and injury than any other type of waste. Inadequate and inappropriate knowledge of handling of healthcare waste may have serious health consequences and a significant impact on the environment as well. According to Bio-Medical Waste (management and handling) rules, 1998 of India, Bio Medical Waste (BMW) means any solid, fluid, or liquid waste including its containers and any intermediate product which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining there or in the production or testing of biological and includes categories for same 1 The large volumes of health care waste if not managed properly can lead to a global hazard. This could not only lead to the spread of highly contagious diseases but the hazardous chemical waste produced by the use of items can cause considerable damage to the ecosystem and the environment.2 Majority of waste (75-90%) produced by the healthcare providers is non-risk or general and it is estimated that the remaining (10-25%) healthcare waste is regarded as hazardous the potential for creating a variety of health problems.3 Infectious waste may contain any of a great variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogens in infectious waste may enter the human body via number of routes: through a puncture, abrasion, or cut in the skin; through the mucous membranes; by inhalation; by ingestion .4 Bio medical waste collection and proper disposal has become a significant concern for both the medical and general community. Among all health problems, there is a particular concern with HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B and C, for which there is a strong evidence of transmission through healthcare waste.5In the healthcare sector alone, the World Health Organization estimates that unsafe injections cause approximately 30,000 new HIV infections, 8 million HBV infections, and 1.2 million HCV infections worldwide every year.6The BMW rule applies to all those who generate, collect, receive, store, transport, treat, dispose or handle BMW in any manner and also to every institution that generate BMW. Effective management of biomedical waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social responsibility. Hence, there is a need for resource material to help administrators, doctors, nurses and paramedical staffs. The purpose of Bio-Medical Waste are mainly to reduce waste generation, to ensure its efficient collection, handling, as well as safe disposal in such a way that it controls infection and improves safety for employees working in the system. For this, a conscious, coordinated and cooperative effort has to be made from all Hospital staff7. India already has biomedical waste management regulations including a ban on the incineration of biomedical waste with the exception of human and animal waste at the Union level, but their implementation and enforcement throughout the country has been inconsistent. The present cross sectional questionnaire study was conducted in Ahmedabad city, Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of interns, graduates post graduates at private dental colleges in Ahmedabad regarding biomedical waste management. Material and Method Ahmedabad is the largest city and former capital of the Gujarat. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of river Sabarmati, 32 km from the state capital Gandhinagar.7 The study sample includes intern, graduates and post graduates from private dental college in Ahmedabad. This study was conducted in private dental colleges in Ahmedabad City, Gujarat, India. A total of 135 dentists were selected, from which interns, graduates and postgraduates were divided equally. The selection of samples for the study was carried out by using simple random sampling technique. To make the sample more representative 45 Dentists from each private dental college were selected randomly. The sample size of 135 was determined. From each group from each college we have taken 15 subjects. Participants who do not want to participate in the study, not responding after repeated reminders and incompletely filled questionnaires were excluded from the study. The survey was scheduled to spread over a period of 1 month. A detailed weekly schedule was prepared well in advance. Although a detailed schedule was prepared meticulously, few adjustments and changes were done due to logistic reasons. Two days in a week were allotted for conducting the study. A questionnaire related to biomedical waste in the form of multiple choices was given to each participant and the response sheets were collated after a week. Principal Investigator collected the data. A pilot study was conducted on 20% of the total sample size to check the feasibility of the study and to validate the questionnaire. Prior to study a questionnaire was pre-tested and validated. The questionnaire was validated for construct and content validity, reliability and ease of use. Content and construct validity shows no significant changes. Questionnaire showed high degree (0.89) of agreement during test-retest of questionnaire. Those individuals who participated in the pilot study were not considered for the main study to prevent possible bias. The purpose and procedure of the study was informed to each participant and also participant information sheet was provided to each participant, which explains all aspects of the study. It was explained to them that they had no obligation to complete the questionnaire and could abandon it at any point without stating a reason. After explaining the purpose of the study, the informed consent was obtained from each participant who was willing to participate in the study. Data was collected by using pre-tested self-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed in English only because it was expected that all doctors and nurses were able to comprehend English. The questions were framed in three sets; knowledge, attitude and practices of interns, graduates and postgraduates in relation to Bio-medical waste management. Each participant was given a separate copy of the questionnaire personally by investigator and requested to fill it up within seven days. Collected data was coded, compiled and tabulated. The data was analyzed by applying descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Analysis was carried out using SPSS package version 17. Result: The present study was conducted to access â€Å"knowledge, attitude and practices of interns, graduates p.g. Students at private dental colleges in Ahmedabad regarding biomedical waste management. A total of 135 participants from private dental colleges of Ahmedabad city were included in the study population. Table 1. illustrates the distribution of subjects according to their gender. Out of 135 participants 79 (58.5%) were male and 56 (41.5%) were female. We can see the answers given by the participants in table 2 which is self explanatory. Table 3. illustrates that the majority of the participants were having good knowledge regarding bio medical waste management. Whereas their attitude towards the same was found little low which is an alarming situation (table 4) and they were doing fair practice of the same which is shown in (table 5). Table 1: The distribution of subjects according to their gender Table 2: Answers given by participants Table 3: shows overall knowledge of subjects: Table 4: shows overall attitude of subjects: Table 5: shows overall practice of subjects: Discussion: The participants involved in this study were assessed for knowledge, attitude and practice of BMW management. Interestingly, this study revealed that the awareness and proper practice of biomedical waste management was satisfactory which is correlating with the study of Sachan R.. According to World Health Organization, The humans element is more important than the technology. Almost any system of treatment and disposal that is operated by well-trained, and well-motivated staff can provide more protection for staff, patients and the community than an expensive or sophisticated system that is managed by staff who do not understand the risks, and the importance of their contribution8 (World Health Organization) For effective management of hospital waste it is essential that personnel hold positive attitude towards care of the environment, occupational health and safety and teamwork. Hospital waste management has major attitudinal and behavioral components9 Literature search show poor knowledge, attitude and practices of biomedical waste management among staff and have reported that there is urgent need to train and educate all the staff, in order to adopt an effective waste management practice. Which is not exactly matching with our studies. A chain is as strong as the weakest link in it, thus the entire staff involved in waste management at some point or the other should be trained properly. Our study shows almost all of the participants were having good knowledge of bio medical waste, which is not in siding with the study of Sudhakar V10. Before providing the training program, it is mandatory to understand the existing gaps and deficiencies in the study participants knowledge, perceptions, and behavior towards hospital waste management. Knowledge, attitude and practices of the personnel play an important role. Lack of these, even with good infrastructure and technology, is of little or no use in proper waste management. Knowing this, the training program can be aimed to make participants understand-environment friendly, healthy and economically viable in-house management systems, to ensure that the waste is carried responsibly from cradle to grave. Conclusion: Optimal waste management is at best, a moving target. Usually attenders are responsible for spearheading the waste management initiatives. Waste handling is left to lower-level workers who operate without any training, guidance, and supervision. Managing waste requires effective management of people who produce the waste, not just those who handle it. Its primarily the dentists who are responsible for waste generation. But currently, as most of us are aware it is mainly the resistant attitude of dentists that is responsible for poor results on this front. Dentist at the high end of hierarchy should take this issue, which needs to be addressed not as a burden difficult to bear. Proper management of dental hospital waste should be addressed with dignity, by concerted action as duty, and by no uncertain terms as responding to pressure. They probably should not do it because there is legislation, but they need to do it, as they are also socially accountable. References: Sharma AK, Bio Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules. Bhopal: Suvidha Law House; 1998. Aruna.C, Assessment of the knowledge, attitude and Practices regarding Biomedical Waste Management amongst the Medical and Paramedical Staff in Tertiary Health Care Centre, Int J Scientific Research, Vol. 2(7): 2012 Safe Management of waste from health care activities. WHO, Geneva; 1999. 4. Prà ¼ss A, Giroult E, Rushbrook P, Safe management of wastes from healthcare activities, Edited by  © 1999, WHO 5. Central Pollution Control Board. Environmental standard and guidelines for management of Hospital waste. CPCB, Ministry of Environment and Forest, New Delhi, 1996. 6. Analysis of Priority Waste Streams: Healthcare Waste. Final Information Document Commission of the European Communities (CEC), 1993 7. Khan KDL (4 June 2011), â€Å"The Symbol of Ahmedabad†. Navhind Times, retrived 24 Sept, 2013. 8. World Health Organization. Suggested guiding principles and practices for sound management of hazardous hospital waste. New Delhi: Regional Office for South-East Asia, World Health Organization; 2000. p. 3-5. 9.Rasheed S, Iqbal S, Baig LA, Mufti K. Hospital waste management in the teaching hospitals of Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc 2005;55:192-5. 10. Saini S, Nagarajan SS, Sharma RK. Knowledge, Attitude and practices of bio-medical waste management amongst staff of a tertiary level Hospital in India. J Acad Hosp 2005;17:54-9

Measuring Regional Economic Performance

Measuring Regional Economic Performance Introduction: Indicators on the economic performance of regional and territories inside districts are vital for compelling provincial policymaking. The drivers of the Economic performance of a region are measured over various other factor like industrial restructuring, global competitiveness etc. which has now become the global concerns as well. In this article, we are going to discuss the different measures of the regional economic performance and review how they are relevant and useful to understand our economic spaces. Economic measures: The need to utilize better furthermore even more boundless markers has been identified and future territorial approach is liable to concentrate on empowering all districts to understand the maximum capacity of their advantages, and in addition helping the poorest performing regions to close the hole with the better performing area (Skousen 2013). GVA and GDP are two well-known examples of the measures of the regional economic performance. However, the different measures of regional economic indicators include the other factors like Labor market, Productivity, skills, innovation, enterprise, investment, and competition. Regional Output or GVA (Gross Value Added): GVA is the worth produced by any unit occupied with a generation movement.in other words, it is value added to the materials and other inputs in the production of goods and services by the organizations of that region before any capital consumption or calculation of depreciation (Economic Performance and Developent n.d.). It is measured at current essential costs, barring expenses (fewer appropriations) on items. GVA in addition to expenses (fewer endowments) on items is proportionate to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Avellaneda 2006). The information utilized here is delivered utilizing the pay methodology or GVA (I). GVA is the common factor used by most of the countries for measuring the economic development of the nations (Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress n.d.). As we know that the main source of GVA are productivity and income, which do vary. GVA calculations equation is the simple ratio of the economic activity carried in a region divided by the total number of population, i.e. people living in that region. However, in real sense to measure the productivity the equation should be rationalized by the total economic activity of that country by the total number of labor inputs (total job hours worked) utilized to create it. GV has numerator as the work place and the denominator is residence based which reflects the fact the GVA does not consider (Dunnell n.d.): the work force like youngsters or pensioners who are not direct contributors of the GVA, in other words we can say percentage gap in the regional differences of the residents. commuters who work in an out for the work variation in the labor market structure (for e.g. Full time or part time) across the regions. Because of the aforementioned factors, the GVA is made unsuitable per head and gives inconsistent results. This can be explained with an example that the place where high commuters are there will have higher GVA as compared to those where the commuters are in low quantity (International journal of Urban and Regional Research n.d.). GDP or Gross Domestic Product: Gross Domestic Product of an economic region provides the measure of the total economic activity of a country or the region. This means the Economic consists of total number of products and services produced in a country per annum (HALL TEWDWR-JONES 2011). Governments and specialists need to know whether the provincial approach help really prompts a get up to speed procedure, and the media frequently utilize the marker to analyze the monetary execution of locales and make rankings (Regional Studies 2015). Productivity: Productivity is a measure of the proficiency of production. It is the proportion of yield delivered to the inputs needed in the generation process. Because of work gainfulness, it gives a measure of yield every work data, where the work info can be either filled employments or hours lived up to expectations. It is A vast piece of the distinctions in productivity between the regions are because of diverse laborer characteristics. Other parts of a nearby economy, for example, the levels of development and business new companies can likewise affect benefit levels. These profits to financial productivity emerge from working in a thick city environment. The Labor Market: Labor Market consists of the different segments, they are – employment, unemployment, under employment and Economic inactivity (Davis Haltiwanger 2014). For most locales/nations, the information recommends work rates have been climbing even more as of late, despite the fact that the increment is not generally measurably critical. Monetary dormancy alludes to individuals who are not in occupation or unemployed, for instance individuals who are taking care of a home or family, or have resigned or are long haul sick. Net livelihood development is the quantity of employments made by growing and opening foundations short the quantity of occupations devastated by contracting and shutting foundations. Income and Earnings: Gross Disposable Household Income (GDHI) every head is prescribed as a measure of the territorial welfare of people. GDHI speaks to the measure of cash accessible inside the family unit part for spending or sparing after pay conveyance measures (for instance charges, social commitments, and profits) have taken effect. A key part of family unit pay is profit from business. This is income left after consumption connected with salary, e.g. assessments and social commitments, property possession and procurement for future annuity wage. It is figured horrible of any reasoning for capital utilization. GVA not every head is prescribed as a measure of welfare for various reasons. Case in point, because of driving, inhabitants may get their earnings from monetary movement in an alternate area, which is not caught by GVA every leader of their district. They might likewise have wellsprings of wage, which are irrelevant to current work, for example, annuities, and ventures. These are incorporated in the GDHI measure (ECONOMIC GROWTH AND TRADE 2015). Innovation: Development is an important, albeit not sufficient, condition for monetary achievement and is along these lines perceived as an imperative driver of gainfulness. Development involves, amongst different things, the improvement of new advancements that build productivity and the presentation of new, products that are more significant and administrations. It additionally incorporates intangibles, for example, new systems for working and enhancements to administrations. International Competitiveness: Competition from organizations based abroad upgrades the benefit of UK firms by making motivations to advance and guaranteeing that assets are distributed to the most proficient firms. Despite the fact that organizations may be focused without sending out abroad, fares give an evidence of how worldwide areas and nations are in their viewpoint and their capacity to face worldwide rivalry. Fares as a rate of GVA do not show that fares straightforwardly contribute this offer to GVA. Rather, GVA is utilized just as a valuable denominator to think about the relative commitment of fares. Conclusion: No single pointer can give a sufficient premise to evaluating a locales financial execution. The gainfulness of those working in a locale can be high, while family salary of occupants may be low because of moderately vast quantities of individuals. Utilizing a catch-all marker cant represent the fluctuating territorial exhibitions on gainfulness, wage and work market issues. The above has demonstrated that there can be contrasts in provincial monetary execution. Variety is significantly stronger inside districts – between little authoritative ranges, between the distinctive sorts of country and urban territories, or between city locales. Certain sorts of organizations benefit from being in close closeness to direct contenders. They can make utilization of a more prominent pool of suppliers, a bigger client base, and access to neighborhood systems, which can encourage learning and innovation spillovers. Bibliography Allen, K 2014, UK on track to be fastest growing G7 economy despite slowdown, viewed 22 Feb 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/oct/24/uk-economic-growth-slows>. Avellaneda, SD 2006, Good Governance,Institutions and Economic Development:Beyond the Conventional Wisdom, viewed 22 Feb 2015, http://www.upf.edu/dcpis/_pdf/sdellepiane.pdf>. Berger, PDT 2010, An Overview and Analysis on Indices of Regional Competitiveness, viewed 22 Feb 2015, http://www.bapress.ca/Journal-2/An%20Overview%20and%20Analysis%20on%20Indices%20of%20Regional%20Competitiveness.pdf>. Davis, SJ Haltiwanger, J 2014, Labor Market Fluidity and Economic Performance, viewed 22 Feb 2015, http://www.kc.frb.org/publicat/sympos/2014/083014-1.pdf>. Dunnell, K, National Statistician’s article: measuring regional economic performance, viewed 22 Feb 2015. ECONOMIC GROWTH AND TRADE 2015, viewed 22 Feb 2015, http://www.usaid.gov/haiti/economic-growth-and-trade>. Economic Performance and Developent, viewed 22 Feb 2015, http://www.hsrc.ac.za/en/departments/economic-performance-and-development>. Economic performance and sustainable growth, viewed 22 Feb 2015, http://www.esrc.ac.uk/about-esrc/mission-strategy-priorities/economic-performance.aspx>. Galor, O 2013, Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, no. 10887, http://www.springer.com/economics/growth/journal/10887>. International journal of Urban and Regional Research, viewed 21 Feb 2015, http://www.ijurr.org/view/index.html>. Joseph Stiglitz, ASAJ-PF, The Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress Revisited, viewed 22 Feb 2015, http://www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/documents/overview-eng.pdf>. Lequiller, F, Is GDP a satisfactory measure of growth?, viewed 22 Feb 2015, http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/archivestory.php/aid/1518/Is_GDP_a_satisfactory_measure_of_growth_.html>. Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, viewed 22 Feb 2015, http://www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress/>. Measuring economic performance in your region (covering the indicator Regional Gross Domestic Product), viewed 21 Feb 2015, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/ytos/measuring-economic-performance-in-your-region>. Moore, S Griffith, J 2015, The Freedom Path to Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis of Country Performance, viewed 22 Feb 2015, http://www.heritage.org/index/book/chapter-3>. North, DC, Economic performance through time, viewed 22 Feb 2015, http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2118057?sid=21105420472021uid=2uid=4>. Performance indicators, viewed 21 Feb 2015, http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Managing_the_economy/Measuring_performance.html>. Pettinger, T 2014, Key measures of economic performance, viewed 22 Feb 2015, http://www.economicshelp.org/blog/10189/economics/key-measures-economic-performance/>. Regional Economic Indicators 2014, viewed 21 Feb 2015, http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/regional-trends/regional-economic-indicators/march-2013/regional-economic-indicatorsmarch-2013.html#tab-The-labour-market>. Regional Studies 2015, vol 49, no. 3. Skousen, M 2013, Beyond GDP: Get Ready For A New Way To Measure The Economy, viewed 22 Feb 2015, http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2013/11/29/beyond-gdp-get-ready-for-a-new-way-to-measure-the-economy/>. Slaper, T, Measuring the Economic Performance of Regions: Creative Destruction and Economic Dynamism, viewed 21 Feb 2015, http://www.ibrc.indiana.edu/ibr/2014/summer/article1.html>.

Predators And Ecosystem Management :: essays research papers fc

Predators and Ecosystem Management Natural Resources Management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Predators have an everlasting effect on different kinds of ecosystems. They influence there ecosystems by controlling the abundance of lower species certain habitats. In this article, â€Å"Predators and Ecosystem Management† by (James A. Estes). He explains results of case studies that indicate important ecological roles for predators in a huge coastal ecosystem. The main challenge in this article is to determine if there are recurrent patterns else where in nature and to also understand when and where they occur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author gives his perspective on predators and the coastal ecosystems by giving us a living example, the sea otter and the kelp forests. The relation between the sea otters and the kelp-forests was provided because of a accident of history, the over-exploitation of sea otters in the Pacific maritime fur trade. The study compared areas where sea otters were abundant with nearby areas to area's where they're almost extinct. By doing this comparison of the sea otters coastal system it was possible to gain much insight into the sea otter ecological role in kelp-forest ecosystem. Over the years it's been possible for us to observe the kelp-forest ecosystem over-time, thanks to the massive growth of the sea otters population we observed the change from otter- free to otter-dominated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article relates to many aspects of our textbook. On page 89 in chapter 5 the text explains what an ecosystem is, defined by the book, it's a community of species interacting with one another where there is a non-living environment. In this case the otter and kelp-forests ecosystems a coastal ecosystem. As mentioned in the book, the food chain is involved in the sequence of events with the organism that are the source of the food. In a survey of coastal habitats in many areas of the North Pacific Ocean have revealed that kelp forests usually are extensively deforested where sea otters are absent whereas this condition is rare where occur ( Estes and Duggins 1995).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All ecosystem management has recently emerged as the main way of

The Evolution of the American Dream Essay -- Essays on the American Dr

Comparing the perspective of the American dream in the 1920’s to the American Dream in the 1940’s and present day seems to be a repeating cycle. The American dream is always evolving and changing. The American dream for present day is similar to the dream of the 1920’s. An Ideal of the American life is to conform to what our society has determined is success. Money, materialism and status had replaced the teachings of our founding fathers in the 1920’s. A return to family values and hard work found its way back into American’s lives in the 1940’s. The same pursuit of that indulgent lifestyle that was popular in the roaring twenty’s has returned today for most Americans, many Americans are living on credit and thinking that money and the accumulation of material items can solve all problems. Through film, literature, art and music, an idealized version of what it means to be an American has changed from money, materia lism, and status of the 1920s to hard work and family values of the forties. â€Å"Money is the root of all evil†(Levit). Man and his love of money has destroyed lives since the beginning of time. Men have fought in wars over money, given up family relationships for money and done things they would have never thought that they would be capable of doing because of money. In the movie, based on F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, the author demonstrates how the love and worship of money and all of the trappings that come with it can destroy lives. In the novel Jay Gatsby has lavish parties, wears expensive gaudy clothes, drives fancy cars and tries to show his former love how important and wealthy he has become. He believes a lie, that by achieving the status that most Americans, in th... ...the 1920’s hopefully in the next decade we will repeat the American dream of the 1940’s. Works Cited "Ain’t We Got Fun - Lyrics - International Lyrics Playground." International Lyrics Playground - Songs From Europe, North America and Around The World. Foreign Language Lyrics, Christmas and Holiday Lyrics! Web. 20 May 2010. . Applebee, Arthur N. The Language of Literature. Evanston, Ill.: McDougal Littell, 2006. Print. "New International Version." Bible Gateway. Web. 19 May 2010. Rockwall, Norman. Freedom From Want. About.com. Web. 19 May 2010. . The Great Gatsby. Dir. Jack Clayton. Perf. Robert Redford, Mia Farrow. Paramount Pictures, 1974. DVD.

Pillow Book by Sei Shonagan

After reading this brief section of â€Å"The Pillow Book,† I believe that the things, events or situations she considers not good or proper are those that differ from the unique cultural value and concept of Miyabi. Miyabi is a refined courtly taste and a perfection of form and color. Many of the things, events and situations described directly differs from this concept and in ancient Japanese societies, this concept was very much valued and important.This is especially shown in the 5th example of hateful things in which Sei Shonagon describes â€Å"the sight of men in their cups who shout, poke fingers in their mouths, stroke their beards, and pass on the wine to their neighbors with cries†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This example shows how Sei Shonagon has seen well-bred people behaving like this and violating the concept of Miyabi which has caused it to be distasteful. In my opinion, the concept of Miyabi and the reasoning of her evaluation is based on social aspects as Miyabi was forme d upon a concept of how to behave socially. . A Man who has nothing in particular to recommend him discusses all sorts of subjects at random as though he knew everything. I agree with this example because I have met a lot of these types of people throughout my life and I find them absolutely annoying. They are perfect examples of what I believe to be jack of all trades and master of none. It especially annoys me when they talk about a topic in which I study or have done a lot of research on and they end up telling a lot of false facts which I know to not be true. . One is in the middle of a story when someone butts in and tries to show that he is the only clever person in the room. Such a person is hateful, and so, indeed, is anyone, child or adult, who tries to push himself forward. This example really resonated with me because throughout attending a lot of networking events, I have realized that these people are despicable. When a person is in the middle of saying something, I fin d it really rude to cut in and interrupt them.However, this seems to always happen at networking events where all the students are trying to gain favoritism from the employer by interrupting and attempting to show that he is the cleverest person in the room. c. Ladies-in-waiting who want to know everything that is going on. Once again, this example really â€Å"pushes my buttons†. I find this to be especially true in high school settings where everyone wants to know everything. It seems that every person, especially girls in high school need to know the daily gossip and find it a personal objective to spread that gossip to as many people as they possibly can.I really do not like these types of people, especially when it is none of their business or when you do not even know them. d. A newcomer pushes ahead of the other members in a group; with a knowing look, this person starts laying down the law and forcing advice upon everything – most hateful. This occurs in group settings and especially in team projects. One person will always assume that they are the smartest and try to take a management role to delegate work to everybody. However, I think that the reason you’re working in a group is to see the opinions of others and also to see how others think.When one person tries to take over and stops everyone from giving opinions, this destroys the main point of working in a group. From reading this list, I think that she would consider anything that conforms to the concept of Miyabi would be good or praise worthy. In a western civilization, she would probably consider gentlemen behavior to be good or praiseworthy. Sei Shonagon sets herself up as an arbiter of good taste and most of hateful things are pronouncements of what she considers elegant or inelegant behavior in male courtiers.Therefore, I believe that a man who acts as a gentleman will receive praise from her. There is definitely a bias in Shonagon’s evaluation of people. Firstl y, it is evident that she does not really like old people. This is evident in her 4th example of how she talks about â€Å"an elderly person warms the palms of his hands over a brazier and stretches out the wrinkles. No Young man would dream of behaving in such a fashion; old people can really be quite shameless†. This shows that she is quite straightforward and almost arrogant in writing about her view of elders.In addition, there is a gender bias as she seems to evaluate her male courtiers and makes explicit pronouncements as to what she deems to be elegant and inelegant behavior. Through reading her list of hateful things, I realized that Shonagon thinks that a man has to do everything perfectly and in accordance with Miyabi. An example would be the 8th hateful thing; â€Å"A gentlemen has visited one secretly. Though he is wearing a tall, lacquered hat, he nevertheless wants no one to see him. He is so flurried, in fact, that on leaving, he bangs into something with his hat.Most hateful! † To me, it seems that the male courtier was just clumsy and made a mistake of banging his hat on something but to Shonagon, it seems that this is the most inelegant behavior a male courtier could do. She wrote about how hateful it was and therefore, I think that there is definitely a gender bias in her evaluation of people. The only time she actually talks about hateful things that women does is in her example of â€Å"ladies in waiting who want to know everything that is going on. † Her list of hateful things is mostly comprised of the male courtiers.

Can Aung San Suu Kyi Really Change Myanmar

Can Aung San Suu Kyi genuinely change Myanmar? The 1991 Nobel repose reckon winner, throw off Aung San Suu Kyi graduated from the Oxford University, B. A. in philosophy, politics and frugals at St. Hughs College in 1967 (The Nobel bread in pause 1991, 2010). On the 27 May 1990, her political party, the issue League Democracy (NLD) won 392 come off of the 492 seats (Burmese General Election, 1990, 2010). Despite her popularity with the citizens in Myanmar, the troops disregards the result of that pick.After dickens decades, the Burmese general election, 2010 get out be held on the 7 November and once again the agnize light is b joltingt back to the policy-making demonstrate of Myanmar ever since 1990. A question that has ever so revolved some Aung San Suu Kyi is fuck Aung San Suu Kyi re onlyy change Myanmar? From my point of view, dribble Aung San Suu Kyi whitethorn not sincerely be equal to(p) change Myanmar. She target change the current situation of Myanm ar however not exclusively especially in a state that has g unitary through six antithetic political transformations in the last half-century. Firstly, dangle Aung San Suu Kyi is in puzzled and new to Myanmar.Although she was born in Myanmar and had received discipline there, during the years when Myanmar fly into military dictatorship, 1962, she was studying in a high school in brothel keeper Shri Ram College in New Delhi, 1960 1964 (The Nobel Prize in pacification 1991, 2010). She had worn-out(a) roughly of her adulthood and received education aboard. until now though she visited her m some other annually and had been in Mynmar since 1988, most of the time she is kept low house arrest. star of her quote was I saw m any(prenominal) another(prenominal) aspects of the country which I withdrawed to see in holy order that I might know what we need to do ( jackdaw Aung San Suu Kyi Quotes, 1997).Despite so, much of her time is worn out(p) serving her house arrest dama ge. Although she had spent much of her time reading or so philosphy, politics and many more books entirely what she had is mere knowledge she had gained from reading in order to pass off a country, experience would be a vital plowsh ar to the spate. Miss Aung San Suu Kyi had received most of her education in the western and had worked for the United state (UN) for two years. She wrote and did researches for biography of her father (The Nobel Prize in Peace 1991, 2010). In one of her speech she mentioned that People have been state I know nothing of Burmese politics.The trouble is, I know overly much. (Wallechinsky, 1997). It could be true that Aung San Suu Kyi know a lot about Myanmar however virtually of the decisions she made had shown her inexperience as a leader. An example that show that her inexperienced would be the issue on Myanmar tourisim. There was a report in an fearful 2008 in which the World Travel and Tourism Council estimated that tourism yields about 5. 8 % of Myanmars job. whole these could had been more if not of Aung San Suu Kyi who asked the travellers to visit us later, in 1995 and in 2002 she told the BBC that the NLD stand on tourism has not changed (Myanmar, Should you go, 2009).A report in 2007 from Tourism Concern stated that, many Aung San Suu Kyi patronizes the boycott unless we hear otherwise from her. It is renowned that, one of the British former embassador to Myanmar, Derek Tonkin calls Aung San Suu Kyi an idealist unable to compromise with the rough reality of Southeast Asian politcs (Myanmar, Should you go, 2009). By boycotting the tourisim, it is not the Myanmar government that suffer only the civilains that suffer. The government are not stirred since they gets their income from trade of gems, timber, textiles and oil and gas.The tourism arena employs 300,000, not including grassroots business. Creating jobs and incomes for the Burmese, is the way that can in truth benefit the population. Secondly, despite the overpowering supports from the citizens in Myanmar, she does not have any supporters from the military. Myanmar has been under the military rule for 48 years. Even though the people would want to abolish the current military junta, they relieve need the power of the military and the legal philosophy to control the stability of the country.When the country emerges to reform, it may result in some instability, if Miss Aung Sun Suu Kyi does not have the support and the power to control the military, the country would be in chaos which may lead to undesirable consequences. Most of Miss Aung San Suu Kyis influential supporters are from the western countries that the local military junta are not in good terms with the westerners. Without the support of local power, many political goals cannot be achieved. Thirdly, most of her speeches revolve around friendly reform and few dialog about what are their plans for the future.Right now what the people in Myanmar really need is s ocial reforms however soon other problems would start to surface such as economic factors, the need of jobs will eventually enlarge and more. A type of publication that Miss Suu Kyi uses was whenever she is interacting with the media, she would never forget to ask other countries for support please use your impropriety to promote ours (Aung San Suu Kyi, 2010). Currently, she has supporters from all over the innovation. It is to be believed that if she were to gain presidency of the country, support will be provided to help her built Myanmar.Yet the stock warrant that has been in placed on Myanmar has contributed to the sufferings of the citizens. then I strongly feel that it is not way to gain attention that can help Myanmar gain democracy, if it is, it would had worked. The situation in Myanmar is not as simple as what the westerns think to why the military junta had rejected the aids for the May 2008 cyclone. One way to interpret why the military government rejected the aid s would be The Myanmars government fear of American invasion and the fragile pride of its enlighten officials (Aung San Suu Kyi, 2010).The western countries often regarded as superior, had sometimes unintentional showed disrespect to the third world countries by not understanding teeming of a countrys culture. thus disregarded the feeling of the citizen of the country they provide help with. Therefore, it is no wonder sometimes the Military junta unwelcome the aids from the westerns. For the upcoming election on the 7 November 2010, Miss Aung San Suu Kyi has decided to boycott the election. around senior members from the NLD have formed the issue Democratic Force (NDF) to contest the election (Burmese General Election, 1990, 2010) as they claimed that a boycott would play into the hands of the government. The phenomenal of this is that, the members of the NLD has starts to showdoubts in the decision Miss Aung San Suu Kyi made and therfore they left field the NLD to form a new party the NDF. This may indicate that her popularity is decreasing, though in a slow rate, as she passes her years under the house arrest. In conclusion, I really admire Miss Aung San Suu Kyis courage and what she had been trying to do.Despite being kept under house arrest for two decades, she is still dogged to change Myanmar in a way she believes in. Also if it had not been her, the citizens of Myanmar would not have tried to controvert for their freedoms and rights. However no matter how determined she is, the military junta will, by all means try to get her out of their way. An example would be her endless handbuild of house arrest which will pay off her to miss the election that is coming up on the 7 November. Moreover the non-violence materialization had been going on for decades and nothing had really changes ever since they started.If her focus is just on social reform, it can work on a short term earth but not in the immense run. Moreover, she is losing support from her own party as she is being too idealistic. She has ideas in mentality but has not done anything to name them. Therefore, I think that, Miss Aung San Suu Kyi may not be able to really change Myanmar.Reference Aung San Suu Kyi. (2010, August 15). Retrieved August 31, 2010, from Wikipedia http//en. wikiquote. org/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi Burmese General Election, 1990. (2010, August 28). Retrieved August 30, 2010, from Wikipedia http//en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Burmese_general_election,_1990 Daw Aung San Suu Kyi Quotes. (1997, January 19). Retrieved August 2010, 31, from Brainy Quote http//www. brainyquote. com/quotes/authors/d/daw_aung_san_suu_kyi. html The Nobel Prize in Peace 1991. (2010, August 30). Retrieved August 30, 2010, from Nobel Prize http//nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/ pink of my John/laureates/1991/kyi-bio. html Wallechinsky, D. (1997, January 19). The Voice of Her People Aung San Suu Kyi. Retrieved August 31, 2010, from Parade http//www. parade. com/articles/editions/1997/ edition_01-19-1997/aung-san-suu-kyi. html? index=2

Hul Knorr Soupy Noodles Goa Research

hold on Knorr Soupy Noodles trade in Goa 1 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles securities industry in Goa ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS With extinct the assistance of a spot of volume, this investigate could non live been completed. in that respectfore, we would worry to take this opportunity to give convey the following commonwealth Mr. Rammurthi Naidu, Territory sales ships representationr at Hindustan Unilever, Goa for providing us with the opportunity to work with an esteemed organisation and for guiding us to obtain the reinvigo answer ford k at a timeledge which volition be expedient in our future c atomic follow 18er.Dr. Divya Singhal, our faculty guide, we re only toldy appreciate her for her application and spirited efficiency in guiding us on the right track in the research. The root word members would corresponding to sound stunned a special thanks to Arul Raj, the owner of Crisp caterers/GIM pratteen for his support and bear upon in conducting our wet try. T he root too inadequacy to thank all the lecturers and staff in the divide ( aliment market place placeing) for their wholehearted assistance whenever required.A special thanks to all the respondents (general passerbys, retailers and students of Goa institute of Man get alongment) who filled in the pointnaire and provided with their views on the harvest-festival in review. The group thanks them for their quantify and concern. 31-03-2012 Students of Group 6, Section C query methodological analysis Goa Institute of Management 2 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles grocery store in Goa TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS set back of practices 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 5 exercise .. 5 The Problem . The Method . 5 deduction . 5 gateway 6 The Objective of the guide Value of the correction . 6 Scope and limitations.. 6 The pulsation Noodles commercialise in India .. 7 The force anesthetise . Company profile. 9 chump profile 9 Ab let on Knorr Soupy Noodles . 10 REVIEW OF literary crossingions 1 usage Patterns of gross Noodles amongst Indians 11 Brand Awargonness and Loyalty .. 11 Factors influencing spending 12 Demand regard .. 2 methodology 13 pattern 1 14 bod 2 .. 14 Phase 3 .. 4 comment OF STUDY atomic number 18a & SAMPLING inclination .. 15 data COLLECTION . 16 QUESTIONNAIRE construct 17 uninflected TOOLS 8 FINDINGS.. 19 exploratory (CUSTOMERS) . 19 Aw arness of look atrs towards Knorr Soupy Noodles . 19 period-wise dispersion . 19 3Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles marketplace in Goa sexual activity Distri entirelyion 19 secure transition rate.. 19 Age Wise distri scarcelyion 20 EXPLORATORY FINDINGS (RETAILERS INTERVIEW).. 0 Demand potence of Knorr Soupy garrets . 20 statistical dispersal of Knorr Soupy lofts. 21 DESCRIPTIVE FINDINGS (WET SAMPLING) 21 CONCLUSION.. 7 inspireATIONS 28 REFERENCES 29 APPENDIX . 30 Table of signs direct 1 PERCENTAGE MARKET SHARE OF flashing NOODLES IN THE Indian MARKET. . 7 f lesh 2 VARIOUS nictation NOODLE BRANDS IN THE INDIAN MARKET. . 8 trope 3 KNORR SOUPY NOODLES BRAND profile. 9 FIGURE 4 RESEARCH DESIGN IN 3 PHASE METHODOLOGY chart . 14 FIGURE 5 AGE heady POPULATION DISTRIBUTION 5 FIGURE 6 MALE/FEMALE RATIO IN ingest POPULATION.. 15 FIGURE 7 DATA COLLECTION PROCESS CHART .. 16 FIGURE 8 PRODUCT AWARENESS DISTRIBUTION IN FEMALES AND MALES. . 19 FIGURE 9 DETERMINANTS OF CHOICE OF NOODLES .. 1 FIGURE 10 GENDER WISE using up PATTERN OF NOODLES. 23 FIGURE 11 geographical CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF NOODLES ACROSS INDIA .. 23 FIGURE 12 localize WISE BRAND appreciation OF INSTANT NOODLES . 24 FIGURE 13 RECOMMEND FACTOR OF KNORR SOUPY NOODLES . 5 FIGURE 14 stress SATISFACTION OF SOUPY NOODLES . 25 FIGURE 15 RANK OF VARIOUS NOODLE PRODUCTS ON BASIS OF hear. 25 FIGURE 16 REASONS FOR NOT buy KNORR SOUPY NOODLES .. 26 FIGURE 17 VISIBILITY OF KNORR SOUPY NOODLES . 26 4 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in GoaEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose This report aims at large a put right picture much or less the motley factors that modulate the cognizances of guests or so Knorr Soupy Noodles and estimating the sympathys for the slow egression rate of Knorr soupy noodles in Goa. The report contains suggestions and recommendations to leverage the crack of Knorr Soupy Noodles in Goa. The Problem Soupy Noodles launched in 2010 by Hindustan Unilever, chthonian the print of Knorr, has not managed to distinguishedly bite into the grocery look at of the hereditary pattern dishonor- Maggi Noodles. there is a grocery military post in Goa wherein there exist real erratic dispersal of Knorr soupy noodles and the consumer has not yet received the efficient and fitting supply of the same. Our research problem explored the aw beness, availability of Knorr Soupy noodles and the tasting picks, sucker perceptions of the consumers. The Method This soft report card on Knorr soupy noodles which contains interview, questionnaire and obse rvation has been done to find the note health of Knorr Soupy Noodles in Goa.The depicted object consisted of 3 anatomys dickens preliminary phases and a conclusive research phase. A field subscribe to of discordant customers via receive interviews and in-depth interviews threw lightsomeness on the several(a) factors that influence the procure of the product. Wet sampling was effectively conducted among students of Goa Institute of Management at Sanquelim, Goa. Our plain under culture was that of Sanquelim, Bicholim and Mapusa which represent quasi(prenominal) catchment profiles to argonas of Ponda, Valpoi and Quepem in Goa. Our total take in size consisted of 350 people. ConclusionThrough this research, a disentangle answer came break(p) Knorr Soupy Noodles is still the second filling to Maggi noodles(but above all the another(prenominal)wise fanf be noodles brands) and the variant factors that contributed to this in descending order of importance was availab ility, visibility, expense and destinationly hold. The take in for the product exceeds the supply and the keep company needs to relook at its go-to marketplaceplace strategy and disrupt the market in cost of distribution and target instalment (consider 20-25 age group). Although bulk of the consumers would recommend Knorr Soupy noodles, their druthers privilegeence was still inclined towards Maggi noodles.The positives that were born from this piece of work was that audition is not the main modestness why consumers be not picking up Knorr Soupy noodles but other factors a worry(p) availability and price were responsible for this. 5 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa INTRODUCTION Objectives of the study The aim of this study is to suspensor Hindustan Unilever to elucidate the position of its brand Knorr Soupy Noodles in the arcsecond noodle market of Goa, India and to study the various factors and reasons for the slow growth rate of Knorr Soupy noodles in t he market The specific objectives of the study were i.To study the extent of consciousness towards Knorr soupy noodles, ii. To analyze factors influencing the buying behaviour of blink Food Products/Knorr soupy noodles, iii. To estimate demand potential for Knorr soupy noodles, iv. To study the extent of market sixth sense of Knorr soupy noodles. Value of the study Firstly, as the objective if the study indicates, it will help Hindustan Unilever to clarify the position of the Knorr Soupy noodles brand in current Goan flashgun noodle market. Secondly, the study provides current situation of the blinking noodle market and customers responses to different blink of an eye noodle brands.This study shall t thus paint a clear picture as to where the Knorr soupy noodles brand stands in camparison to its biggest competitor, Maggi Noodles. Thirdly, a third caller view on the perceptions of retailers just ab appear the product shall drop bias and provide a infract corking example o f the demand generation and customer perceptions ab aside the product Finally, useful suggestions and recommendations are offered by doing this study. This will help Hindustan Unilever better consummate the Knorr Soupy Noodles brand and obtain more than than sales accession. Scope and Limitations The scope of the project was restrict to small area of Goa ie.Mapusa, Bicholim and Sanquelim. The assumption is that the customer profiles of these catchment areas are similar to other areas in Goa like Ponda and Valpoi. 6 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa We did not consider the impress of substitute products in the twinkling pabulum market like pasta , mend to eat paratha , blink idli mixes and so ontera piece of music conducting the research. Consumer profiles of focus students of GIM were interpreted and function patterns of this group may transfer from other teenage/college going community The Wet take in was done with only deuce flavours ie.Chinese chow and tomato plant chatpata flavour of Knorr soupy noodles Taste and Flavour can vary with smoke production in wet sampling. The whole project was completed deep down 2 months in a cross sectional manner. The Instant Noodles Market in India Noodles are a commodity which is consumed by all(prenominal)one, right from kids and teenagers to retirees. Two-and-a-half decades since its launch, 2 minute Maggi Noodles is the numero-uno brand in the Indian market. Nestle has virtually dominate the Indian noodle market till now but lately many large FMCG players and retail duress imbibe launched their products in this stipendiary space.Maggi enjoys a market destiny of all everywhere 70% today, despite the movement of a number of other brands. In the archaean 80s, the conservative and typical fare function era, the impression of ready-to-cook viands was alien to the Indian market. People were unbelieving to look into with food especially food meant for their children. patronage the unfavourable circumstances, Maggi took the challenge and launched itself in 1983. Indian noodle market ( pulse noodles) is estimated at INR 1,300 to 1,600 crores (USD 300 USD 350 mn) in 2010.According to estimates, the market is expected to reach INR 3,000-3,500 crore by 2015 clocking a CAGR of 20%. For much time since its launch, Nestles Maggi Noodles was the only kingpin in the noodle market. However, in the recent past two s nearly- cognise FMCG players in the country Hindustan Unilever (HUL) and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) introduced their own brands of instant food noodles and fuck off managed to put their foot into this segment. Today, Knorr Soupy noodles from HUL and Foodles from GSK are well known besides Maggi Noodles and Nissins Top Ramen.For FMCG behemoth Unilever promoting its noodles under the Knorr brand opinems to be a wellcrafted strategy since Knorr is a direct competitor of Maggi in soup category. Therefore, the company is carry ond of establishing a relatively un known brand from scratch. There is advanced recall of Knorr soups and some of it will rub off in the noodles space as well. Figure 1 Market Share of various of Instant noodles in the Indian Percentage Market share instant noodles brands. Market. Source Neilson Market inquiry 2011 7 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in GoaThe Battleground Figure 2 Various Instant noodle brands in the Indian Market. Some of the modernisticer entrants into the instant food category are Horlicks Foodles, Knorr Soupy Noodles, Nissin Top Ramen and Sunfeast Yippee. Maggis effective positioning and effective promotion and sales made it the most-love noodle brand in India. In 2005, the Maggi brand was worth USD 3. 7 bil social lion in comparison to USD 1. 7 billion recorded in 2003. In 2005, Maggi was the highest Indian spender in the Sales Promotion department in the Noodles Category.Today, Knorr from HUL and Foodles from GSK gain require well identified noodle brands besides Maggi Noodles and Nissi ns Top Ramen. New investments by HUL and GSK are salaried off now. Indivi doubledly, they hold 5% and 2% individually of the noodles market share. GSK, HUL and ITCs entry into noodles will commove up the competition for Maggi, which is already confront traveling bag from retailers private labels like Tasty Treat from coming(prenominal) Group and Feasters from Aditya Birla Retail. According to data provided by Nielson Co. Maggis share of instant noodles, on an all-India rear, across urban markets, has slipped consistently in the midst of December 09 (90. 7%) and July 10 (86. 5%). 8 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa Company profile Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) is Indias largest degraded Moving Consumer Goods Company with a heritage of over 75 years in India and touches the lives of two turn out of ternary Indians. HUL works to create a better future each day and helps people see good, look good and get more out of emotional state with brands and services tha t are good for them and good for others.With over 35 brands spanning 20 distinct categories such as soaps, detergents, shampoos, skin care, toothpastes, deodorants, cosmetics, tea, coffee, packaged foods, ice cream, and weewee purifiers, the Company is a part of the everyday life of millions of consumers across India. Its portfolio includes pass offing theater brands such as Lux, Lifebuoy, Surf pass by, Rin, Wheel, Fair & Lovely, Ponds, Vaseline, Lakme, Dove, Clinic Plus, Sunsilk, Pepsodent, Closeup, Axe, Brooke Bond, Bru, Knorr, Kissan, Kwality Walls and Pureit. The Company has over 16,000 employees and has an annual turnover of round Rs. 9, 401 crores (financial year 2010 2011). HUL is a subsidiary of Unilever, one of the servicemans troikaing suppliers of fast moving consumer goods with severe local roots in more than ascorbic acid countries across the globe with annual sales of about 44 billion in 2011. Unilever has about 52% shareholding in HUL. Brand profile 1. Knor r in India is generic to soups. 2. Knorr is the largest soup brand in India and has a lions share of the soup market in India 70% 3. All Knorr products catch no added preservatives and are a healthy excerpt option Figure 3 Knorr Soupy Noodles Brand ProfileThe Knorr range of soups is procurable in a number of tasty and exciting varieties. There is a flavour to literally suit every taste palate the Classic range of soups with flavours like Thick tomato plant, Mixed Vegetable Chicken Delite and tomato Twisty Pasta, the Oriental range with flavours like refreshed Corn Vegetable, Sweet Corn Chicken and baking n Sour and the Indian range with flavours like Tomato Makhni and Corn Mast Masala. Knorr Ready to Cook helps the consumer unsex her familys favorite dishes at home and helps her get eating place like taste at home itself.It buzz offs in the Indian Ready to Cook range and Chinese Ready to Cook range. 9 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa About Knorr Soupy Noodles Kn orr Soupy Noodles range, a crotchety product in the instant noodles category. Knorr Soupy Noodles, positions itself as a product with the fun of noodles with the health and goodness of soups. It comes with nose candy% real vegetables and carries the Healthy Choice Stamp. Its blusher target segment is that of children and its marketing activities are mostly targeted at children. It is loved by the kids and provides mothers a tasty healthy afternoon snacking option for their children.It is available in three variants Mast Masala, Tomato Chatpata and Chinese chow. 10 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa REVIEW OF LITERATURE Consumption Patterns of Instant Noodles amongst Indians India consumes a little less than 90,000 tons of noodles every year. A decade ago the word noodles was synonymous with Nestles Maggi. Indian noodle market (instant noodles) is estimated at INR 1,300 to 1,600 crores (USD 300 USD 350 mn) in 2010. The market is dominated by instant noodles Nestles brand Maggi The food habitats in India find changed due to the occidental influence and the usage of these foods is on the rise.These foods are wide use in catering industries as well as at homes. There are varieties of instant/ready-to-eat foods available in the market to choose from and they score been a part of everyday life, match to the ASSOCHAM survey. hitherto though after universe economical and convenient, 34% of the consumers favor the traditional types of foods which are fresh and lifelike without any preservatives or artificial ingredients. There has been a major shift in food habits in the metropolitan cities, as about 86% of households prefer to rescue instant food (canned, instant mixes, baked, pasta, etc. . Reasons are the steep rise in dual income take aim and standard of living, doodad, influence of western countries etc. , according to a survey under taken by the Associated domiciliate of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM). The survey points out tha t these contrivance foods are preferred (86%) mainly by atomic families where both husband and wife are work or by bachelors who wish to avoid hotel food or people who do not receive time, patience or the expertise to prepare in a traditional method.Metropolitans are the largest consumers of processed food and are going to be the biggest consumers of processed food because of their ever increasing per capita income and lifestyle which is also ever-changing very rapidly, points out D S Rawat, writing table General, ASSOCHAM. There has been a surprising rise in the demand of packaged food within the Indian market, and that all happened because the lifestyle of people there has changed drastically as well as the consumers look regarding their eating habits. Brand Awareness and LoyaltyIt was a gallus of years back when big companies like GSK, HUL, ITC and tumid Bazaar decided to enter the market. They entered the market done their power brands like Horlicks and Knorr. They offer ed a number of variants and flavours to the customers. As it is Maggi was never considered to healthy by the Indian mom. A survey conducted by Nielsen shows that Maggis market share has fallen by around 15 part since the launch of these new brands. This happened in less than 2 years. The research done by us provides an acumen into what a customer wants from the instant noodles. 1 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa The Indian has not been too adventurous when it comes to trying out new flavours. As a result, Maggi has settled for standard flavours like curry, tomato, masala and chicken and hasnt done much experiment with other flavours. But ITC, HUL and GSK now seem to cook woken up to potential of this category which is growing at over twenty percent consistently for the last some years. It is these players who are introducing the Indian consumer to newer flavours and ingesting them to experiment beyond Maggi.HUL and GSK are playing on their strengths of their unfluctu ating distribution networks and strong media presence. HUL has extended its Knorr franchise. It combines noodles with soups and soups are in general considered healthy. GSK, with its Horlicks extension has launched Foodles, which is a multigrain noodle, pegged as healthier alternate to Maida noodles which postulate been the most popular variant of Maggi. In terms of brand name all Horlicks, Knorr and Sunfeast have a wide ranging appeal because they have products that have extensive recall.Nestle is not sitting idle. They have reacted to the situation by launching its Multigrain noodles. It has also launched new flavours like curry and capsicum. They have come also come out with a new commove to pursue the consumer to retain brand the true. Through this interactive campaign they are trying to reinforce the emotional fall in with its consumers. Factors influencing wasting disease The majority of the working class also mentioned that instant noodles are a boon to save time, p ostal code and money by using these foods.Various foods helped to keep on the age-old traditional method of long conceptualization of grinding, cooking or fermenting for hours and so reservation the work faster. Even the manufacturers prepared the instant foods according to the taste of the consumers. 92% of the nuclear family feel that they have less save time than before they had kids, it is now a common fact that they are outlay less time in the kitchen, and are bout to takeout, delivered food, and semi-prepared meals to help feed the family at mealtime. 2% of bachelors prefer the convenience food because of less cost, time and energy saving, convenience in preparation and outgo in the busy and hectic life. The very term instant means simple, fast ,convenient and affordable food which is sluttish and fast to prepare besides being hygienic, free from microbial contamination and also convenient to eat, say the bachelors. 67% of working women revealed that the present trend changed the habits to foods which are simple and easy to digest. Hence, the existence of these foods fulfilled all the needs of modern human being. 2% of the respondent verbalise that another advantage of instant foods that obtrude upon less space in the kitchen or pantry, the core of drudgery involved is less and there is a tremendous potential for commercial exploitation as it is a rising industry. Demand estimation Rawat says that the consumer spending rate on processed food has increased at an average rate of 7. 6% annually during the years 2008 to 2010 and this is expected to continue as the consumer expense will rise with an average of around 8. 6% till the year 2012. 12Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa The survey highlights that 85% of parents with children under flipper year are serving these easy-toprepare meals at least(prenominal)(prenominal) 7-10 times per month due to increased pressures at work, and increasing complexity in other household management ar eas- They would be actively looking for ship canal to simplify and save time, a majority of parents said. 13 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa METHODOLOGY This area will focus on the process adopt to execute the research. The research has been done in three phases in a span of two months.Phase 1 wildcat question Phase via customer interviews Phase 2 Exploratory Research Phase via retailer interviews Phase 3 Descriptive Research Phase via detailed consumer interview (wet sampling) Figure 4 Research Design in 3 Phase Methodology Chart 14 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA & SAMPLING DESIGN This study is a soft field experience where in general population (customers), retailers and students had been interviewed to serve the objective of the research. The study tries to include alter relevant categories to determine the trend among these clusters.By taking the varied category we have time-tested to come out with issues (if any) and the opportunities. The detailed study has been carried out on the bum of demographics of gender, age and geographical area. Non-probability sampling has been used in selecting the samples which further is a blend of quota and convenience sampling. To ascertain the awareness of Soupy noodles (phase 1), our team surveyed 180 people from various areas like Sanquelim, Bicholim, and Mapusa. Surveyed people were segmental into 5 categories in terms of age (Below 20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35 and above) and also segmented on gender basis.During our second phase of explorative research which consisted of interviewing retailers, a sample size of 40 retailers from Sanquelim and Bicholim were taken. These retailers owned stores right from 200sq. ft to 1000sq. ft. Our third phase of research included a sample of 138 management students from Goa Institute of Management. These students were further segmented on the basis of AGE, GENDER, GEOGRAPHY ( pairing India, Middle India, East India, West India south India sample was too small and hence not considered). Figure 5 Age Wise Population Distribution Figure 6 Male/Female proportion in Sample Population. 5 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa DATA COLLECTION The research is based on the primary data self-contained from customers, retailers and students. The approach adopted (Phase 1) was exploratory for customers who are condition a semi structured questionnaire on tangible paper and retailers (Phase 2) with whom we had unstructured interviews. Descriptive approach (Phase 3) via Google docs was adopted for students where in a detailed structured questionnaire had been used for interviewing the consumers after the wet sampling/tasting of soupy noodles at the GIM canteen.Students were also allowed to fill the Google doc as per their convenience so as to avoid long queues time collecting data. The table below gives a degenerate view of the data collection methodology. Figure 7 Data Collection Process Chart 16 Study on Kno rr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN Questionnaire is being designed in two phases viz. exploratory customers (Phase 1) and descriptive- students (Phase 3). The questionnaire has been designed keeping in judgement the research objective and the sample under study. Exploratory research of the customer, a semi structured questionnaire having three questions was prepared.The objective was to find out the awareness of Knorr Soupy Noodles. Our premier(prenominal) question Have you tasted Maggi Noodles was framed so as to select or target segment which in this exploratory research was assumed as everyone who has tried Maggi Noodles is our target segment. Discussion People are asked three questions Have you tasted Maggi noodles? (If YES then proceed to abutting, If NO then reject respondent) Have you heard about Knorr Soupy noodles? Have you tasted Knorr Soupy noodles? The purpose of the first question is to turn down who do not form the part of our market i. e. ho do not consume Maggi noodles. Hence, people who have tasted Maggi noodles qualify for our target segment. The 2nd question aims at finding out the awareness level of Knorr Soupy noodles. And the next question becomes relevant as the next marketing strategy needs to cater those who have tasted Maggi. The combination of 2nd question and 3rd question will tell us the awareness translating into sales. During the2nd exploratory phase the retailers of various stores were asked question via conversation. The questions ranged from What do you call about the brand Knorr soupy noodles? , How is its supply? , Do customers ask for Knorr Soupy noodles? , Do you think it is better than Maggi noodles? The Descriptive research questionnaire was a structured questionnaire having 35 questions. Questions were framed in order to extract their consumption behaviour and preferences of noodles so as to meet the objective of the research. For the Descriptive Research Questionnaire, the questionnaire was di vided into three parts as follows plump off 1 Personal Information To judge the impact of their background on their consumption behaviour.Part 2 Consumption Pattern to study the knowledge of the brand and to hollow generic consumption patterns. 17 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa Part 3 To dismember the tastes and preferences based on the wet sampling The reason for this division is to segregate the information gathering and come across the impact of each part on their consumption behaviour. We wanted to study each part as a separate determinant for the consumption of noodles. ANALYTICAL TOOLS Our survey has relied on qualitative data stack away in the form of interviews and descriptive questionnaire.SPSS is not being used as the data collected is qualitative and the same could be illustrated effectively via MS office tools like Excel. The questionnaire includes Likerts weighing machine (1 being least preferred-5 being most preferred) and rank order scale techniqu e for comparative analysis. We have used M. S. Excel for the ease of calculation. There are some over lapping questions and effect of double counting has been taken into account to arrive at a useful and practical conclusion. Pie charts and histograms are integral part of our study and of immense help in drawing inferences.The inferences have been drawn on the basis of gender, age, geographies, and preferences. The trend can be seen from the tables showing numbers and frequency of people. 18 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa FINDINGS EXPLORATORY (CUSTOMERS) Awareness of consumers towards Knorr Soupy Noodles Our research shows that the targeted people are well aware of the product. Their key target group (below 20yrs) and 20-25yrs have a high awareness rate of 78%. Awareness in older groups drops. The consumption of noodles is more frequent among the teenagers and that qualifies as our target market.Age-wise distribution The awareness in age group below 20 is 78% (High), in the age group 20-25 is 76%, in the age group 25-30 is 57%, and in the age group 30-35 is 66%. It must be noted that the majority of people surveyed belong to age group below 25, which has high level of awareness. The consumption of noodles is more frequent among the teenagers and that qualifies as our target market. sexuality Distribution Figure 8 illustrates that there is no significant variation in the awareness between Females and Males and hence the marketing effectively targets both the genders.Figure 8 Product Awareness distribution in Females and Males. Purchase variation rate (The number of people who are aware about Knorr Soupy Noodles and have acquired it is the purchase variety rate) From the study we can infer that the purchase alteration rate for Knorr Soupy noodles is low and customers who are aware of the product are not convinced to try out the product. 19 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa Age Wise Distribution In the age group below 20 the purchase co nversion rate is 38%, in the age group 20-25 it is 25%, in the age group25-30 it is 100% (High), in the age group 30-35 it is 50%.As mentioned above that the majority of the people belonged to below 25, where the purchase conversion is 33% (Moderate). The combined study of awareness and purchase conversion will be very useful in ascertaining the effectiveness of promotional activities and saleability of the product. EXPLORATORY FINDINGS (RETAILERS INTERVIEW) This is the part two of our phase 1 research, where in we interviewed 40 retailers about demand and distribution of soupy noodles. This part of research aims at exploring the functioning of the noodles market, competition, price liveity of demand, and demand stirred by availability of the product.As retailers are in a better position to tell us what a customer asks for and how he makes his buying decision. A few statements by some retailers are If the supply of Soupy noodles would have been fine, they would have taken over Mag gi Owner, Jai Bhavani Sweet Mart, Sanquelim Incentives for displays are not given, and hence I dont push the product to my customers Anonymous retailer Students see the ad on TV and ask for the product, but there is never proper supply and hence they take some other product Owner, Om Prasad Bakery, BicholimDemand potential of Knorr Soupy noodles The interviews via random conversation with retailers threw light on the high demand for Knorr Soupy noodles during a particular phase when it was marketed via mass media. They also stated that the high demand was met with very poor supply which led to consumers shifting their buy decision to substitute brands dude to unavailability. Demand is a function of price, income, price of substitute goods, choice and preference. distinct determinants of demand play different role and no determinant can be studied in exclusivity. Demand potential of Soupy noodles is same as it is for Maggi.In the noodles market, Maggi has been a clear leader and best competitor to Maggi is Soupy noodles. There are factors which have an impact on people making choices between these two brands. Soupy noodles are priced high than Maggi and some of the demand of soupy noodles might get touched by it being a price elastic market. Especially, when a heritage brand like Maggi is available at a lower price. Soupy noodles have an modern concept of providing two food items at a time which is noodles and soup. The message is being communicable strongly and customers are aware about it.However the purchase conversion rate is not so impressive. The biggest reason might be the brand loyalty towards Maggi 20 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa and great number of variants of Maggi. Soupy noodles have the potential of acquiring and influencing the brand loyalty but this is marred due to high recall, retention and re purchase intention of Maggi. Distribution of Knorr Soupy noodles HUL is known for its distribution and supply. However in the e xercise of Knorr soupy noodles, retailers have complaints about erratic distributors who do not supply sufficient stock of soupy noodles hence affect the availability.Like many other cases margins are not the issue of concern. Distributors refused to pay minimal amount for the prime facing location on the shelves and hence lose out on potential customer on account of lack of visibility even when it is available. DESCRIPTIVE FINDINGS (WET SAMPLING) 138 students from Goa Institute of Management were given tasting samples of Knorr Soupy Noodles (Chinese Chow) and were asked to respond within a questionnaire about their knowledge about and experience with the brand.There were 35 questions that had to be answered so as to break a deep understanding of the consumers perception about the brand. The findings are as below. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CONSUMPTION OF INSTANT food PRODUCTS The below chart shows a clear distribution of the various attributes that influence the consumption of insta nt food products. The attribute that influences the consumption the most is thwack (42%) while PRICE (7%) and ADVERTISING (2%) are the factors that influence the purchase of instant noodles the least (assuming competitive price amongst competing brands).EASE OF MAKING (31%) and AVAILABILITY (18%) are factors that also significantly influence purchase decisions. Figure 9 Determinants of choice of noodles EATING PATTERNS OF STUDENTS obtain FREQUENCY OF OUTSIDE FOOD (Non-canteen food) The study shows that students prefer eating away and this could be due to the induced culture and socialising that lead students to consume non-canteen food. 21 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa The study shows 80 students (17% + 63%) out of every 100 eat food from outback(a) at least 1-2 times a hebdomad.Maximum number of students (63%) eat outside 1-2 times a week while only 6% of the students eat out once in a month. The study throws light on the eating habits of students and concludes tha t majority of the students eat out at least once in 2 weeks. This segment is thus a very lucrative segment to target for instant food companies. PURCHASE FREQUENCY OF INSTANT NOODLES The study shows that instant noodles forms an important part of students menu especially due to paucity of time and erratic eating habits.Many consumers in colleges lead time-pressured schedules and have less time available for dress meals, as a result of which demand remain high for products which can be eaten at their convenience. The study shows that 48 students out of every 100 consume instant noodles at least 1-2 times a week i. e. that 61% out of the total number of students (80% from previous chart) eating outside (non-canteen food) consume instant noodles at least 1-2 times a week, while 22% of students of the total number of students eating outside consume instant noodles once in 2 weeks.Hence there is a great demand for instant noodles among students and instant food companies should effect ively tap this. Gender-wise distribution From the data we can prove that there is no significant difference (63% and 58%) in consumption habits of instant noodles amongst male and females. 22 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa Figure 10 Gender Wise Consumption pattern of noodles Geographic distribution The study reveals that there is a significant difference between the consumption patterns of customers based on geographic segmentation.The study states that maximum numbers of consumers who eat noodles on an everyday basis (19%) are from West India (Mumbai, Goa, Rajasthan, and Gujarat). Students from North India and West India have the highest frequency of instant noodles consumption (cumulative 80%). Figure 11 Geographic consumption pattern of noodles across India 23 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa BRAND PREFERENCES AMONG INSTANT NOODLES The study reveals that the number one brand preference amongst instant noodles is Maggi Noodles. Knorr Soupy Noodles is at the s econd place with almost similar preference ratings as Sunfeast Yippee.A startling revelation was that Horlicks Foodles (2nd highest market share amongst instant noodles-AC Neilsen) ranks at the bottom. Figure 12 mark wise Brand Preference of Instant Noodles TASTE SATISFACTION OF KNORR SOUPY NOODLES The study reveals that only 2 people out of every 100 shun soupy noodles. On wet sampling of Knorr Soupy noodles amongst students of GIM, the study revealed that majority of the sampled population(56%) found Knorr soupy noodles PRETTY TASTY while 33% of the population found the taste OK which could lead them to easily shift loyalty to other brands.A alarming revelation was that only 1% of the sampled population was pursy away (SIMPLY MIND BLOWING) by the taste and hence this could directly correlate to low brand loyalty which could be the reason why the early adopters eat the product are high, but followers are not increasing as expected by the company. Consumers are not enthralled y et not dissatisfied about the taste and this can be seen from the charts below. 1% of the consumers that would recommend the product to others would purchase more of Knorr soupy noodles if its taste were to improve, while they would also preferred increase in promotional activity and availability. On study taste preferences between Knorr Soupy noodles, Maggi Noodles and Maggi Atta noodles, Knorr Soupy noodles(30%) has similar preferences to Maggi Atta Noodles (31%) which is promoted as a health concept, while Maggi Noodles is the top preference(39%) in terms of Taste. 24 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa Figure 13 Recommend factor of Knorr Soupy NoodlesFigure 14 Taste Satisfaction of Soupy Noodles Figure 15 Rank of various noodle products on basis of taste REASONS FOR NOT PURCHASING KNORR SOUPY NOODLES The study reveals that bad taste (3%) had the least influence as to why customers were not purchasing Knorr soupy noodles. It need not be said that since Knorr soupy noodles is a new brand, its brand value compared to heritage brand-Maggi would be lower and hence this could be the key 25 Study on Knorr Soupy Noodles Market in Goa reason why customers do not purchase Knorr soupy noodles. On further analyses it was known that